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The bigha (also known as beegah) is a traditional unit of area prevalent in North and East India, extending to parts of Bangladesh and Nepal. It represents the surface area of a square with sides measuring one bigha, a unit of distance whose size varies by region.
History: The bigha's origins likely trace back to the Sanskrit term "vigraha," with its usage potentially predating the Mughal era. Historical land records provide evidence of its use. While the size of a bigha differed geographically, British efforts in the 19th century aimed to standardize the unit.
Current Uses: Despite the metric system's dominance, the bigha remains relevant in parts of India. It finds particular application in rural areas for measuring agricultural land, ancestral property, or smaller land parcels. Land records, especially older ones, might utilize bighas, and informal land transactions might reference them during negotiations.
Calculation and Conversion: Calculating the area in bigha involves multiplying the length by the width of the land, both measured in bighas. However, converting this to square feet requires considering the regional variations. In some parts of North India, one bigha is standardized as 5/3 of an acre, which translates to approximately 27,871 square feet (1 acre = 43,560 square feet).
Impact on Indian Real Estate Market: The bigha has limited influence in the formal Indian real estate market, where square meters or hectares are standard units. However, understanding the bigha is crucial in specific situations. When dealing with rural land purchases, inheritance involving older property records, or informal agreements, knowledge of bigha conversions becomes necessary.
The bigha serves as a historical marker in Indian land measurement, retaining significance for navigating land transactions and interpreting older records, particularly in rural contexts. While the metric system gains prominence, the bigha endures as a testament to traditional practices.
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